Us6969434b1 castable thermobaric explosive formulations. The fuelair explosive fae is one of the bestknown types of thermobaric weapons. Wo20119192a1 composition for a fuel and air explosion. Pdf thermobaric and enhanced blast explosives tbx and ebx.
I do not know if i accidentally make a fuelair explosive. The fuel air bomb is one of the most wellknown types of thermobaric weapon. However, ebx types are primarily used to strengthen the blast wave, while tbx are employed to increase temperature and pressure of the explosion 8. Fuel air explosive fae thermobaric weapons add high temperature to the blast waveeffect and this is done using things like magnesium and aluminium. A device consisting of a container of fuel and two explosive charges. For what, exactly, only god and the propellerheads in some basement in the pentagon know i can see it now.
Experiments on an explosion of a fuelair explosive fae are carried out in open field, and comparative analyses between solid fuels, liquidsolid fuels o. For example, water in a borehole can corrupt an explosive like ammoniumnitrate fuel oil, which isnt waterresistant ammonium nitrate is hydroscopic and will dissolve in water. Chemical initiation of detonation in fuel air explosive clouds abstract the invention relates to the chemical initiation of detonation of a fuel in air fae cloud such as might be used in a minefield breaching system. Local and general response of sheep to fuel air explosive charges. Full text of fuel air explosive systems see other formats technical note 09. Unlike most incendiaries, which contained napalm or phosphorus, the 750 pound cbu55 was fueled primarily by propane. In practice, the blast wave typically produced by such a weapon is of a significantly longer duration than that produced by a conventional condensed explosive. This is a shortened version of the paper the methaneair explosion hazard within coal mine gobs published in the 20 volume of sme transactions brune, 20, pp. Fuelair explosive represent the military application of the vapor cloud explosions and dust explosions accidents that have long bedeviled a variety of industries. Chemical initiation of detonation in fuelair explosive clouds. Solid state fuel air ebx and tbx enhanced blast and thermobaric explosives have very promising features.
Among these are ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. On december 27, 1999, interfax reported russian forces were using fuel air explosive bombs in the fighting in chechnya. Aluminiumized explosives were used in wwii but getting powdered or granulated metal powders to disperse an ignite properly in your normal fuel cloud may take a bit of doing. The cbu55 was a cluster bomb fuel air explosive that was developed during the vietnam war, by the united states air force, and was used only infrequently in that conflict. Thermobaric and enhanced blast explosives tbx and ebx. This paper analyzes the explosion hazard resulting from the formation of methaneair mixtures in the minedout gobs of underground longwall coal mines. Da pam 38564 ammunition and explosives safety standards. Numerical solutions of the blast wave flow from a spherical explosive charge were obtained using the artificial viscosity technique as employed by oppenheim. Sciencemadness discussion board fuel air explosions. The tank is vented to the atmosphere and the volume of the tank above the fuel ullage contains mainly air. Described as the most powerful nonnuclear weapon in the u.
Fuel air explosive represent the military application of the vapor cloud explosions and dust explosions accidents that have long bedeviled a variety of industries. On december 27, 1999, interfax reported russian forces were using fuelair explosive bombs in the fighting in chechnya. Russian fuel air explosives vacuum bombs human rights watch. Two issues have been researched in parallel efforts. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that such systems have been deployed and used more recently in chechyna. Fuel air explosive device the united states of america as. There have been occasions in kuwait involving a requirement to render safe, or certify as safe to move, fuel air explosive fae systems. They can combine superior air blast impulse with metal fragmentation and metal acceleration effects.
They can combine superior air blast impulse with metal fragmentation and acceleration effects, thus enabling to create ordnance with improved. Fuel air explosives are basically made of a very flammable, possibly toxic gasvolatile liquid like ethylene oxide and something that can ignite it. Unlike most incendiaries, which contained napalm or phosphorus, the 750 pound cbu55 was fueled primarily by propa. Explosive weapon effects final report acknowledgements this report and its annexes were authored by the gichd. Most conventional explosives consist of a fueloxidizer premix gunpowder, for example, contains 25% fuel and 75% oxidizer, whereas thermobaric weapons are almost 100% fuel, so thermobaric weapons are significantly more energetic than conventional. The specific fuel involved is called jet a, a derivative of kerosene and a sluggish explosive. Fuel air explosive patents and patent applications class.
Oct 06, 1981 fuel air explosive weapons may be described as devices which, upon activation, cause liquid fuel particles to be dispersed in the form of a detonable cloud in the air and then detonate the cloud. Below the explosive or flammable range the mixture is too lean to burn and above the upper explosive or flammable limit the mixture is too rich to burn. Fuel tank safety history five key accidents 1960s1990 19901999 2000present ignition sources fuel air flammability prevent ignition sources improvements to affected model after accident reexamine design and maintenance to better prevent ignition sources sfar 88 whole fleet solution recognition that our best efforts may not be. Monitoring flammable vapors and gases in industrial. Hazardous materials hazmat certification and mobility.
To eat hurriedly in order to do something more interesting. The thus produced optical and thermal target signature can be detected with the naked eye. Fuel air explosives hy folks, recently i was trying to create an fireball with an 1 dl of gas and 100200g of dinamite. There was no fireball butt presure,destruction and noise was unproportionall with the amount of explosive.
The blu82 was developed by the usaf during the vietnam war. This article describes this ratio and presents an easy way to calculate it when the composition of a fuel is known. Magazine storage of ammunition and explosive 32, page 21 outdoor storage 33, page 23 storage of specific types of ammunition and explosive 34, page 23 inert or dummy ammunition and explosive 35, page 25 modifications of ammunition and explosive and ammunition and explosiverelated equipment for reuse 36, page 26. The largest airdeliverable conventional weapon in the world is a fuelair explosive. Sensitiser provides the heat source hot spot to drive the chemical reaction of oxidiser and fuel. A thermobaric weapon, aerosol bomb, or vacuum bomb is a type of explosive that uses oxygen from the surrounding air to generate a hightemperature explosion. Gases explosion and flammability concentration limits. The stoichiometric airfuel ratio is an important parameter of fuels.
The methaneair explosion hazard within coal mine gobs. The flammable range also called explosive range is the concentration range of a gas or vapor that will burn or explode if an ignition source is introduced three basic requirements must be met for explosion to take place. The fuel air explosive fae device of this invention is equipped with a vity responsive unitary bursterdetonator positioned in the liquid fuel, wherein the burster is heavier than the liquid fuel and the cloud detonator is lighter than the liquid fuel to provide for automatic means to orient the burster at the bottom of the fuel container and to simultaneously orient the cloud detonator at. Fuelair explosives are basically made of a very flammable, possibly toxic gasvolatile liquid like ethylene oxide and something that can ignite it. Thermobaric and enhanced blast explosives tbx and ebx since the differences between tbx and ebx are usually small, these two terms are therefore often interchangeably used in the literature. A thermobaric weapon is a type of explosive that utilizes oxygen from the surrounding air to generate an intense, hightemperature explosion, and in practice the blast wave such a weapon produces is typically significantly longer in duration than a conventional condensed explosive. Us4157928a us05339,662 us33966273a us4157928a us 4157928 a us4157928 a us 4157928a us 33966273 a us33966273 a us 33966273a us 4157928 a us4157928 a us 4157928a authority us. The objective of the investigation is to determine the feasibility of a reusable fae simulator at the one kiloton level. How air fuel ratio can be diagnosed and monitored with the help of. Fuelair explosions fae have been investigated in the context of farfield nuclear airblast simulation.
Solid state explosives utilizing atmospheric oxygen to create enhanced blast can be. An explosive is a chemical material that is capable of extremely rapid combustion resulting in an explosion or detonation. Sciencemadness discussion board fuelair explosives. We recognise the work of the expert group established to steer and advise this project. Fuel air explosions fae have been investigated in the context of farfield nuclear airblast simulation. To explode, it must mix with air, an indication that one or more of the eight fuel cells in the jumbo jets wings were breachedeither by violent engine or mechanical failure, by a well bomb or possibly by a missile. When a shell or projectile containing a fuel in the form of. When the explosive is initiated, the gasvolatile liquid quickly escapes, vaporises and mixes with the air surrounding the explosive. The ground impulse generated by a plane fuelair explosion. Solid state fuel air enhanced blast or thermobaric explosives have very promising features. Ground impulse generated by a plane fuel air explosion 245 when the detonation reaches the edge of the cloud r rc, the flow changes once again. Some aspects of blast from fuelair explosives sciencedirect.
Series of tests were performed to evaluate the newly developed solidstate fuel air explosives. Monitoring flammable vapors and gases in industrial processes. Fuel air explosive device the united states of america. These are the mechanisms by which largescale fae clouds of controlled shape can be reliably and repeatedly formed. Previously, bagasse was burned as a means of solid waste disposal. Fuelair explosive article about fuelair explosive by the. The composition of explosives is balanced chemically to produce the desired effects in blasting. This entails the design of an integrated active case and related explosive systems technology that will use air and other elements to generate the enhanced blast in a singlestage event. An ammunition is proposed with an explosivefree missile that releases, upon dismantling at the target a fuel or fuel mixture as flammable airfuel mixture, being caused to spontaneously react by at least one, by impact dismantling triggered, explosivefree, sparkgenerating ignition mechanism. Pdf local and general response of sheep to fuelair. Sensitisers are generally small air bubbles or pockets within the explosive. Gelled fuelair explosive method the united states of. Fuelair explosive technologies from dualuse materials.
Fuel a chemical that reacts with oxygen to produce heat. Fuel tank safety enhancements of large transport airplanes. Extreme caution must be exercised to prevent spillage and thus eliminate the formation of such fuel vapors. Ground impulse generated by a plane fuelair explosion 245 when the detonation reaches the edge of the cloud r rc, the flow changes once again. Fuel air explosive fae fuel air explosives fae disperse an aerosol cloud of fuel which is ignited by an embedded detonator to produce an explosion. A highimpulse thermobaric bomb hit, also known as fuel pump, fuel pump, fuelair explosive fae or fax, a weapon of heat and pressure or vacuum pump is a liquid container volatile or high pressure gas models an explosive mixed with finely powdered and usually two separate explosive charges. Fuelair explosive definition of fuelair explosive by the. Composition for a fuel and air explosion download pdf. Influence of cast composite thermobaric explosive compositions. One technique, recommended by the national transportation safety board ntsb, is to maintain sufficient fuel in the center wing tanks of transport aircraft to limit the liquid fuel temperature rise and evaporation, thus keeping the vapor fuel air ratio below the explosive limit.
How to calculate the stoichiometric airfuel ratio bright. A pilot burner installed near the vent serves as an ignition source. Fuel air explosive weapons may be described as devices which, upon activation, cause liquid fuel particles to be dispersed in the form of a detonable cloud in the air and then detonate the cloud. How airfuel ratio can be diagnosed and monitored with the help of air. Solid state fuelair enhanced blast or thermobaric explosives have very promising features. Safety protect your process with the proper flame arresters. The vaporization and mixing of the residual fuel into this air can result in the formation of an explosive. When designing an engine for a particular fuel, its important to know how much air is needed to completely burn a certain amount of fuel. A shock propagates into the inert gas beyond the fuel cloud, and a reflected expansion generally moves into the combustion products.
Fuelair explosives hy folks, recently i was trying to create an fireball with an 1 dl of gas and 100200g of dinamite. Expired lifetime application number us06111,453 inventor bertram o. Dictionary entry details fuelair explosive noun sense 1. A number of fuels have been used in fuel air explosive weapons. Special fuels that are sprayed into the atmosphere and catch fire on coming into contact with oxygen in air.
In a deep borehole, pressure in the bottom can alter an explosives density by causing microballoons to be crushed. The fuel air explosive fae is one of the bestknown types of thermobaric. Net explosive weight for mixed hazard classdivision 87, page 62 calculating quantity distance for two or more potential explosion sites 88, page 63 quantity distance relationships of dod components 89, page 64 da pam 38564 24 may 2011 iii. Pdf solid state fuelair explosives robert weinheimer. Since an adequate supply of oxygen cannot be drawn from the air, a source of oxygen must be incorporated into the explosive mixture. Fuelair explosive definition of fuelair explosive by. The editors of the report were samuel paunila gichd and n. Initial attempts to determine the benefit of additional fuel in the center tank were frustrated by the lack of an acceptable method for determining the explosive hazard in the tank under varying conditions. I do not know if i accidentally make a fuel air explosive. The cbu55 was a cluster bomb fuelair explosive that was developed during the vietnam war by the united states air force, and was used only infrequently in that conflict. Jan 15, 1985 the fuel air explosive fae device of this invention is equipped with a vity responsive unitary bursterdetonator positioned in the liquid fuel, wherein the burster is heavier than the liquid fuel and the cloud detonator is lighter than the liquid fuel to provide for automatic means to orient the burster at the bottom of the fuel container and.
Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Chemical initiation of detonation in fuelair explosive clouds abstract the invention relates to the chemical initiation of detonation of a fuelinair fae cloud such as might be used in a minefield breaching system. Castable thermobaric explosive formulations download pdf. An explosion is a mechanical process generating a destructive highpressure wave in a fluid. A component of the system is adapted to carry fuel to the breaching site and is also adapted to carry a compatible. Experimental study of fuelair explosive springerlink. The stoichiometric air fuel ratio is an important parameter of fuels. Fuelair explosive simulation of farfield nuclear airblasts.